品|藏 史迪威获得的勋章（下）
|来源·Source|
1994年南希·史迪威·伊斯特布鲁克捐赠
Donated by Nancy Stilwell Easterbrook in 1994.
|解读·Details|
美国国防服役勋章
American Defense Service Medal
美国国防服役勋章，颁发给1939年9月至1941年12月间，在美军服役满12个月的人员，受勋者大多参加了二战。
The American Defense Service Medal is awarded to personnel who served in the U.S. Armed Forces for at least 12 months between September 1939 and December 1941, most of whom participated in World War II.
该勋章正面刻古希腊哥伦比亚女神，身后是象征坚韧的橡树叶，顶部书写“AMERICAN DEFENSE”（美国国防）。背面刻有：FOR SERVICE DURING THE LIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON SEPTEMBER 8, 1939 OR DURING THE UNLIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON MAY 27, 1941（授予服役于1939年9月8日总统宣布进入有限紧急状态期间或在1941年5月27日总统宣布进入全面紧急状态期间）。
The front of the medal features the ancient Greek goddess Columbia, with oak leaves symbolizing resilience behind her, and the words "AMERICAN DEFENSE" inscribed at the top. The back reads: "FOR SERVICE DURING THE LIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON SEPTEMBER 8, 1939 OR DURING THE UNLIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON MAY 27, 1941."
第二次世界大战胜利勋章
WWII Victory Medal
第二次世界大战胜利勋章，授予在1941年12月7日至1946年12月31日第二次世界大战期间服役的美国武装部队成员。
The WWII Victory Medal is awarded to members of the U.S. Armed Forces who served during World War II, from December 7, 1941, to December 31, 1946.
勋章正面为希腊神话的胜利女神——尼刻手持断剑，象征着法西斯轴心国的摧毁，右脚踏在战神玛尔斯的头盔上，象征战争结束。背面刻有美国总统罗斯福于1941年发表的四大自由：FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND WANT（免于匮乏及免于恐惧自由）、FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND RELIGION（言论自由及信仰自由），中间由一片桂叶分隔。外圈的文字为“UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1941·1945”（美利坚合众国，1941·1945）。
The front of the medal features the Greek goddess of victory, Nike, holding a broken sword, symbolizing the defeat of the fascist Axis powers. She stands with her right foot on the helmet of Mars, the god of war, representing the end of conflict. The back of the medal is inscribed with President Roosevelt's Four Freedoms, which are: "FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND WANT," and "FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND RELIGION," separated by a laurel leaf. The outer circle reads "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1941·1945."
|故事·Story|
约瑟夫·史迪威将军在美国军事史上有着重要地位，他参加过一战、二战，他的军旅生涯充满了荣誉和挑战，他在战争中的表现赢得了盟军和中国军队的尊重，但他在公众场合或正式照片中佩戴勋章的情况并不多见。
General Joseph Stilwell holds a significant place in American military history. He served in both World War I and World War II, and his military career was marked by honor and challenges. His performance in war earned him the respect of both the Allies and the Chinese military. However, he was rarely seen wearing his medals in public or in formal photographs.
▲二战中缅印战场上，史迪威将军和他的儿子、女婿都在对日作战。 图片来源/约翰·伊斯特布鲁克
General Stilwell, along with his son and sons-in-law, fought against Japan. / Photo: John Easterbrook
1918年1月史迪威赴法国参加第一次世界大战，在第四集团军担任情报工作，荣获美国陆军服役优异勋章。
In January 1918, Stilwell went to France to participate in World War I, serving in intelligence with the Fourth Army, and was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.
1943年1月，他在二战的第一次缅甸战役中亲临东枝前线指挥作战，再获优秀服役十字勋章。《纽约时报》和《时代周刊》报道了授勋仪式，《纽约时报》还发表社论《给乔大叔授勋》。
In January 1943, during the first Burma Campaign of World War II, he commanded operations at the front lines in Eastern India and received the Distinguished Service Cross. The awarding ceremony was reported by The New York Times and Time, with The New York Times publishing an editorial titled “How Stilwell Received Medal”.
1945年2月，为表彰史迪威打通中印公路所作出的“异常艰巨的功绩”，他被授予荣誉军团勋章。
In February 1945, he was awarded the Legion of Honor for his "extraordinary achievements" in opening the China-India Road.
▲美国战斗步兵章（现代工艺品），2023年约翰·伊斯特布鲁克赠与重庆史迪威博物馆。
U.S. Combat Infantryman Badge (Modern Replica), donated by John Easterbrook to our museum in 2023
1946年10月12日，史迪威因患胃癌并转移到肝部，在旧金山莱特曼陆军医院逝世，终年63岁。去世前，他被授予一枚战斗步兵章，这是一枚很普通的徽章，通常授予那些在战火中经受考验的在役步兵，但却是史迪威最珍视的一枚。
On October 12, 1946, Stilwell passed away at the age of 63 from stomach cancer that had spread to his liver at Letterman Army Hospital in San Francisco. Before his death, he was awarded a Combat Infantryman Badge, a common award given to infantrymen who have faced the trials of battle; however, it became the badge he cherished the most.
2015年9月2日，史迪威将军荣获“中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年”纪念章。
On September 2, 2015, General Stilwell was honored with a commemorative medal for the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.